Origin of the Life Review in Social Work

President Roosevelt addresses social workers at the White Firm, 1933.
Photograph: Library of Congress
Digital ID hec 46969

Social Work

At the 40-2nd Almanac Coming together of the National Conference of Charities and Corrections in 1915, Porter Lee said: The announcements of this conference describe this equally the greatest gathering of social workers on the continent. Our membership includes public relief officials, institution officers, play leaders, parish workers, charity organization secretaries, probation officers, placing out agents, nurses, settlement workers, medical social service workers, prison heads, friendly visitors, truant officers, matrons, teachers of special groups, members of boards of directors, tenement inspectors, public welfare directors, social investigators, executives of agencies for social legislation, industrial edification leaders, those who work with immigrants, factory inspectors and — to avoid omitting whatever — many others.

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• A Give-and-take of Public Relief: 1940 This report was prepared by Anna Kempshall, Manager of Family unit Service, and most likely to accept been presented to the Board of Directors of the Community Service Society Nov four, 1940. The subject of relief was very timely because a number of the New Bargain programs enacted in 1935 created the nation'due south start universal social condom internet that included federal and state funding for financial grants to poor individuals and families.
• Brackett, Jeffery Richardson (1860 - 1949) In 1904, Subclass was chosen upon by the presidents of Harvard Academy and Simmons Higher to caput the Boston School for Social Workers (later the Simmons College School of Social Work), the offset academically affiliated school of social piece of work in the United States. He was named Instructor in Charity, Public Assist, and Corrections at Harvard and Professor of Theory and Exercise of Philanthropic Work at Simmons College.
• Bresette, Linna Eleanor Linna Eleanor Bresette: Teacher, Advocate for Women Laborers, Catholic Social Reformer (1882-1960). By Michael Barga
• Case Piece of work in the Administration of Public Relief: 1935 In your citation from the Mayor's Committee on Unemployment Relief the argument occurs – "The one million men and women who are unemployed today in New York City as a outcome of the low cannot be regarded as maladjusted individuals in demand of case work." This is another version of the onetime "worthy" and "unworthy" concept, which holds that ordinary poor are to be regarded every bit just maladjusted people who may exist subjected to an unpleasant bailiwick called example work; but the new or worthy poor, or the poor "through no mistake of their own" must be protected against this case piece of work.
• Charity Organization Club of New York City This entry is composed of transcribed pages from two documents, both produced by the Clemency System Lodge of New York City. The primary source is the "History," written by Lilian Brandt for the system's 25th Anniversary in 1907. The second source is from "A Reference Volume of Social Service In or Bachelor for Greater New York" by Lina D. Miller in 1922.
• Chicago's Early Settlement Houses Heritage "The Heritage from Chicago's Early Settlement Houses: 1967," by Louis C. Wade. "The contrast betwixt progress and poverty in American life was obvious in the 1880s and glaring by the 1890s. Violent confrontations like the Haymarket riot and the Homestead and Pullman strikes served to illuminate the dangerous chasm, which separated the very rich from the very poor."
• Customs Organisation Movement In this presentation immediately post-obit WWI, Wm. Norton presents his views on why community organization is essential. In one role he said: "The intention of the new customs organization therefore is non to supercede the old but to strengthen and to supplement it. Information technology aims to gather all of these specialized agencies with their different approaches and conflicting personalities together into a single customs-wide co-operative society, with the purposes of creating a feeling of comradeship amidst them, of eliminating waste, of reducing friction, of strengthening them all, of planning new ventures in the light of the organized information held by all, of swinging them in a solid front in one attack after another upon the pressing and urgent needs of the hours. Information technology says to a Protestant, "Nosotros know you are a Protestant and have a right to exist one. That man there is a Catholic and has a correct to be one. And that homo at that place is a Jew and has a right to be proud of that. Stick to the points in your work where race and organized religion tell you to differ from others merely admit the others' right to exercise the aforementioned and retrieve always that you are all of one clay, American citizens in this American community, and wherever you tin can do information technology without sacrifice of principle, work and program every bit one."
• Customs Organization: Its Significant 1939 Though the community organisation processes are varied, they all eye upon the organizing act and subsequent nurture. Implementation is implied in the latter term. Equally preliminary and supplementary stages in the process several other activities are oftentimes necessary -- research (to become a clear picture of the fundamental facts), planning (to develop a wise program of action, publicity (to make the findings known to possible Supporters), and promotion (to organize and apply the support effectively).
• Conversation at Buffalo (1939) A fictional conversation in which three delegates to the National Conference on Social Work hash out the effects of segregation and racism on African American social workers.
• Current Social Frontiers Benjamin Youngdahl, throughout his career, was an active leader in many social work organizations, thus exercising a decisive influence on the profession of social piece of work and social piece of work teaching. From 1947 to 1948, he was president of the American Clan of Schools of Social Work. Three years later, from 1951 to 1953, he became president of the American Association of Social Workers.
• Daniel Coit Gilman's Contributions to Social Work This commodity brings the reader some bear witness of social work history that has at the very least been neglected. Most people when asked who are the founders of social work were will mention Jane Addams, Mary Richmond, the Abbotts and possibly Ida Cannon, Charles Loring Brace and S. Humphreys Gurteen. The name of Daniel Coit Gilman is never included in the listing of the greats. The instance I shall brand to you today is that his contributions to helping create the profession were at to the lowest degree as great as those still listed.
• Early History of Group Piece of work Group work began to be accepted as a dimension of social work in America when information technology was given "Section" status by the organizers of the National Briefing of Social Piece of work (NCSW) in 1934....There existed considerable debate about what group work was – and where it belonged in the social piece of work profession. Although group work methodology was developed primarily within recreation and breezy educational activity agencies information technology was increasingly being used in social work-oriented agencies, for instance, inside settings such equally children's institutions, hospitals, and churches. Influential social workers, such as Gertrude Wilson argued that group work was a core method of social work and not a field, motion, or agency.
• Educational activity For Community Mental Wellness Practice: Bug And Prospects The trouble of professional teaching for community mental health practice is one that poses a number of intricate questions for both educators and practitioners. The complication and size of the mental health problem and the growing support for mental health programs throughout the country together indicate that the field of social work must make a major effort to relate soundly to the educational needs in this field. The work of the Joint Commission on Mental Disease and Mental Health conspicuously indicates the need for useful information on which to assess and evaluate the current and future directions of mental health programs. In that location is a strong feeling among those who have some awareness of where we now stand up that current efforts in mental health fall far curt of meeting the vast needs. There is continued questioning of the nature and content of service bachelor and there is a loftier degree of curiosity almost the effectiveness of electric current services. We now face the disconcerting fact that we may not really be meeting these needs simply past increasing the number of known and existing services; rather the implication of present-day thinking is that nosotros need to bring about some radical changes in our working philosophy and in our practice if we are to brand any realistic impression on mental health problems.
• Edwards, Thyra J. (1897 - 1953) Thyra J. Edwards (1897 – 1953) – Social Worker, Child Welfare Abet, Labor Organizer
• Egypt, Ophelia Settle (1903-1984) In the late 1920s, Ophelia Settle Arab republic of egypt conducted some of the starting time and finest interviews with former slaves, setting the stage for the Works Progress Administration'southward (WPA) massive projection ten years later. Born Ophelia Settle in 1903, she was a graduate of the University of Pennsylvania and a researcher for the black sociologist Charles Johnson at Fisk University in Nashville.
• Eileen Blackey: Pathfinder for the Profession In Blackey'due south view a school of social work had many constituencies—the academy, the profession, the communities and clients served, cooperating agencies, and the general public. With all of them Blackey urged the maintenance of meaningful ties and a leadership office that in large measure out remains elusive. She hoped that schools of social piece of work would have a stronger presence within their universities; she envisaged greater involvement of the schools in formulating social policy and advocacy on behalf of vulnerable groups in order; and she wanted agencies to be more open to experimental approaches to practice. These are goals nevertheless to be achieved.
• Elements of Customs System This original January 1939 document is a significant early footstep in attempting to define Customs System as a method of social piece of work.
• Employee Assistance Programs Employee Assistance Programs (EAPs) were developed from two sources Occupational Social Work and Occupational Alcoholism. Although Occupational Social Work had its beginnings in the early 20th century (Masi, 1982; Maiden, 2001), it has now evolved into EAPs as a do model. Social Work schools continue to telephone call specializations Occupational or Industrial Social Work.
• Falck, Hans Siegfried (1923 - 2014) Author of Social Work: The Membership Perspective, Dr. Falck'south greatest contribution to the field was his development of the "Membership Theory" and his report of its implications and consequences for social work practice.
• Family Service During State of war Time Many mothers accept come to the states in disharmonize as to whether or not to go to work. The motives may be patriotic, or want for a more than adequate income, or deeper personal urges for greater independence and release from dwelling house intendance. Since the absence of the mother from the home often creates serious bug of childcare, the decision is particularly crucial. Nosotros believe firmly that a mother's intendance of her children is in itself an "essential industry", but, if we are to be realistic, nosotros know that it volition not for every adult female accept priority over other "essential industries". Our efforts have been to appoint in a sort of "screening procedure", to try to determine as promptly and soundly as possible the best solution for all concerned, to assist the woman who should not work have her homemaking role as a dignified and contributing one, and to assistance the mother who should work maintain all possible security for herself and her children.
• Family Service In The Charity System Society, 1935 This article was written by Anna Kempshall, a nationally renowned social worker. "Two general principles that are basic in casework philosophy assistance in differentiating the specialized service of a caseworking agency: (1) that individuals react differently to the problem of need and dependency (2) that casework services have not been express to persons in economic difficulty."
• Family Service of Philadelphia At the latter end of the depression, the Quaker customs had begun working with professionals in hopes of better organizing their aid to the disadvantaged. In 1879, the contact between the groups culminated in the Philadelphia Society for Organizing Charitable Relief and Repressing Mendicancy (SOC), which later on became known as Family Service of Philadelphia. Inside two years, SOC had 9,000 contributors.
• Family Service: Customs Service Society 1940 A report to the lath of directors of the Community Service Society of New York, 1940, past Anna Kempshall, Director of Family Service. "The realization that there is nothing more precious than the life of a child places upon our caseworkers a grave responsibleness. To understand the affect of, the currents and cross currents of the environment upon the fragile and elusive mechanism of a child's mind and center is a claiming to science, religion, education, and social work."
• Family unit Social Service During War Fourth dimension Part of essential manpower is essential female parent power. It is true that women are needed in war production, and they must go into information technology in neat numbers, and nosotros cannot let down for an instant. But it is too true that the product and raising of healthy children is a priority in war every bit in peace. It is hard to get the various programs into effective residuum. We launch drives to get women, including mothers, to piece of work in war plants, and so nosotros launch drives to control delinquency -- and all the while we know that the 1 strongest factor in the prevention of delinquency is the stable home. There is no dubiousness of the values of supervised recreation of wholesome sorts, vocational guidance, and other activities for young people, only we who are closest to families know that without potent family unit life yous have a chronic deficiency which is hard to overcome. It is meliorate for children to accept good parents than any vitamins we know of today. Insofar every bit we cannot have this, there are effective substitutes, simply we demand to conserve our mother power very, very carefully.
• Field Piece of work And Social Work Training -- 1915 Assuming, so, that field work of this sort is an essential part of the social worker'southward grooming, numerous questions of system ascend that present many difficulties, not only to the schools, only to our long-suffering friends, the representatives of the social agencies of our respective communities. How much of the educatee's time is to be given to field work, and how can the practical problem of the distribution of the student's time be arranged? To what agencies shall the time of students in training be entrusted. and how shall their work be supervised? How much time is to be given to any ane bureau? And what is the relation of field work to classroom piece of work, lectures and conferences?
• Frazier, Edward Franklin Edward Franklin Frazier (September 24, 1894 – May 17, 1962) — Advocate for social justice, administrator, author and social work educator. Written by Angelique Brownish, MSW
• Gilman, Daniel Coit (1831 - 1908): Part Two Daniel Coit Gilman is best known for his contributions to American university and medical didactics. Much less well known are his activities in contributing to the foundation for American professional person social work education and his personal social welfare activities. This paper reviews his history in these areas and argues that greater attending should be given to his social welfare educational and practise accomplishments.
• Glenn, Mary Wilcox Mrs. Glenn's move to New York coincided with the growing awareness for the need for professional preparation for charity workers and the importance of trained caseworkers. It was also a time when social welfare advocates and charity workers were get-go to realize the necessity for more efficient organizations of "adept will" and meliorate ways for dealing with the weather condition of a society where big numbers of able-bodied workers were being compelled to seek handouts, depend on breadlines and soup kitchens. Mrs. Glenn became an active participant in discussions well-nigh the possibilities of a larger, national movement that would bring together local agencies and advocates into some form of national organisation.
• Halbert, Leroy Allen Past John E. Hansan, Ph.D. Leroy Allen Halbert (1875-1958) — Pioneer Social Worker, Director of the Nation'southward Kickoff Department of Public Welfare, Abet for the Unemployed, Social Reformer, and Author
• Hamilton, Amy Gordon (1892 - 1967) While pedagogy at NYSSW, Hamilton also sought social work do opportunities in local and national agencies. She became associate director of social service and adviser on research at Presbyterian Infirmary in NYC (1925–32). From this feel came her commencement book: Medical School Terminology (1927). During the Bang-up Depression, Hamilton worked with federal relief agencies and helped establish the 1st Federal Emergency Relief Assistants training program. For the years 1935 and 1936, Hamilton took a exit of absence from NYSSW in order to serve as social services director of the New York Land Temporary Emergency Relief Administration. After World War 2, Hamilton became involved in international social welfare. She worked with the Church building World Services and the United nations Relief and Rehabilitation Administration from 1944 until 1952. She also worked every bit a research consultant at the Jewish Lath of Guardians, in New York City from 1947-1950.
• Haynes, George Edmund (1880 - 1960) Southern segregation policies were granted legitimacy past the Supreme Courtroom's "split up but equal" ruling in Plessy v. Ferguson. The alternatives for one-time slaves were express. They could work for white farmers as tenants or sharecroppers, barely a stride above slavery, or they could leave the South. Many opted to drift and moved northward to find a better life. Two people stepped forward at this time to provide leadership and help build an organization dedicated to empowering African Americans to enter the economic and social mainstream – one Negro, one white; one man, 1 woman – and together, they founded the National Urban League.
• Acme, Dorothy Irene Dr. Height held many positions in government and social service organizations, but she is all-time known for her leadership roles in the Young Womens Christian Clan (YWCA), and the National Quango of Negro Women (NCNW).
• History of Social Work Instruction and the Profession's Structure An test of the profession's history, especially the evolution of instruction can help in understanding current issues related to its unity and what is the virtually appropriate role for the social worker. It won't solve them, that volition take a potent resolve by the current profession.
• Hunter, Jane Edna Jane Edna Hunter (1882-1971) – Social Worker, Advocate for Women and Founder of the Phillis Wheatley Clan
• Influence Of The Medical Setting On Social Example Work Services 1940 The great complication of the modernistic medical institution, the extreme development of specialization, the multiple details required by dispensary and ward administration, all combine to create a certain inevitable amount of defoliation, overlapping, and delay. Where in that location are several professions working together, there are unavoidable duplications, gaps, and conflicts. Segmentation of labor in the hospital has been carried to a degree where many of the activities take assumed an impersonal character, until the patient as an individual is lost to sight. Mechanical procedures and rigidities may develop until the very concept of the hospital's purpose itself becomes narrowed. This means that information technology is at the same time both more of import and more hard for social case work to observe and hold its own purpose in such a setting.
• Institute of Family Service, C.O.S. Written by Anna Kempshall, Managing director of the Institute of Family Service. "The recent period of social and economical change has affected the programs and functions of many social agencies in the community. The Found of Family Service has constantly adapted its program in relation to the total community situation, making such revisions of practice and process at various times as seemed indicated."
• Is Social Work A Profession? (1915) Early in his presentation, Abraham Flexner said: "...Notwithstanding, I have not been asked to determine whether social piece of work is a full-time or a part-time occupation, whether, in a discussion, it is a professional or an apprentice occupation. I assume that every difficult occupation requires the entire time of those who take information technology seriously, though of course piece of work can likewise be constitute for volunteers with something less than all their time or strength to offering. The question put to me is a more technical one. The term profession, strictly used, as opposed to business or handicraft, is a title of peculiar distinction, coveted by many activities. Thus far it has been pretty indiscriminately used. Almost any occupation not plain a business is apt to classify itself every bit a profession. Doctors, lawyers, preachers, musicians, engineers, journalists, trained nurses, trapeze and dancing masters, equestrians, and chiropodists-all speak of their profession.
• Jane Addams on the Subtle Problems of Charity (1899) "The Subtle Problems of Charity," an article written by Jane Addams, Founder of Hull House in Chicago, The Atlantic Monthly, Book 83, Issue 496, February 1899
• Karls, James M. (1927-2008) Dr. Karls' greatest contribution to the public appreciation of social work is his development of the "person in the environment" (PIE) assessment arrangement that distinguishes social work from the other mental health professions. Working with Dr. Karin Wandrei, Dr. Karls used the concept underlying social piece of work practise of person-in-surroundings to develop a organization for social workers to record the results of their cess that addresses the whole person. It helps the practitioner decide recommended courses of action, and to clearly follow the progress of the work. PIE has been translated into many languages, and it has been computerized. It is used as a instruction tool not merely in the United states but in other countries. PIE provides an alternative to the medical model that has traditionally dominated mental health practice, and encourages social piece of work leadership in social rehabilitation, community resources, and advancement models.
• Lindeman, Eduard: A Neglected Social Worker Eduard Christian Lindeman was a remarkable social worker but he is less well known than other early stalwarts. Many factors contributed to this. He was not a self-promoter, he was not a specialist and worked in other fields, and he was not a clinician. Despite these "deficits" his life and writings are of connected value to social piece of work.
• Maclachlan, H. D. C.
• Matthews, Victoria Earle (1861-1907) In civic areas, Mrs. Matthews founded the Woman'due south Loyal Union in 1892. She was also one of the leaders in supporting the anti-lynching cause of Ida B. Wells. In 1895 Matthews helped found the National Federation of Afro-American Women and was later instrumental when this organization and the National Colored Women's League merged with the National Association of Colored Women (1896). She served as the first national organizer of the combined group from 1897 to 1899.
• McLean, Francis H. In 1908, McLean gave another presentation at the 35th annual session of the National Briefing of Charities and Correction held in Richmond, VA. The championship was: "How May We Increment Our Standard of Efficiency in Dealing with Needy Families." Ane of his major points was the necessity for workers to tape and maintain Diagnosis and Handling Cards for the families they are trying to help. He said: "…A growing realization of the demand of an aid which would impart definiteness to records and give one a clear idea of not simply the main trouble, but all of the subsidiary issues, acquired the Field Department concluding fall to send out to the societies in the exchange branch of the section, a proposed form to be known as a diagnosis and treatment sheet. A report of the records concluding wintertime has convinced the field secretary that these sheets are an accented necessity, and should exist used by all the societies. Fifty-fifty the very best of the records would accept been much clearer to the reader with such a sheet. In many cases, apparent lapses in treatment would have been revealed to the societies, if they had attempted to fill out the blanks...."
• Medical Social Work: A Review of Harriett Bartlett's Book 1934 This is a 1934 review of Harriett Bartlett'south Volume "Medical Social Work."
• More than Than Threescore Years With Social Group Work A personal and professional history written by Catherine P. Papell, Professor Emerita, Adelphi Academy Schoolhouse of Social Piece of work. "Personal history is non Truth with a capital T. It is the manner the past was experienced and the way the teller sees it. "
• National Clan of Black Social Workers
• National Association of Social Workers: History (1917 - 1955) The National Association of Social Workers was established in October, 1955, following five years of conscientious planning past the Temporary Inter-Association Council (TIAC). Seven organizations – American Association of Social Workers (AASW), American Association of Medical Social Workers (AAMSW), National Association of School Social Workers (NASSW), American Clan of Psychiatric Social Workers (AAPSW), American Association of Group Workers UAW Clan for the Study of Community Organization (ASCO), and Social Work Research Group (SWRG) – merged to form the NASW. The attainment of this long-sought objective reflected the growing conviction on the part of social work practitioners that there was demand for greater unity within the social work profession, and an organizational structure through which the resources of the profession could be utilized most effectively for the comeback and strengthening of social welfare programs.
• Negro Visitor in Negro Homes (1919)
• New Concepts in Community Organization - 1961 Sure broad concepts nearly community organization as carried on past social workers accept been adult in the social piece of work curriculum and in exercise. We have developed sure values which give us a philosophical underpinning. In add-on, we have a body of rough-and gear up rule-of-thumb ideas about how to carry on our daily tasks. Nevertheless, if our literature is a guide, we take moved very slowly toward the development of any precise or clear trunk of concepts to govern either the teaching or the practice of community organization. This gap is establish primarily between the philosophy, which tempers our work, and the mechanics of day-past-day activity. This fact becomes apparent when we attempt to translate our philosophy into operational theory.

• Occupational Social Piece of work: An Introduction Recent developments in the practice of social work in the work world have introduced new challenges to the profession. The growing interest in this specialized social work practice is reflected in the greater numbers of practitioners in business organisation settings, the proliferation of manufactures documenting these experiences, and the profession'southward recognition of this as an area of social work practice to be studied and incorporated into professional person social piece of work education….
• Papell, Catherine P. Katy Papell was professor and managing director of the Practice Division, Adelphi Academy's School of Social Work, where she served on the social piece of work faculty for more than 30 years. While pedagogy grouping work, casework, family practise and community and homo development she designed the Integrative Curriculum, or what later came to be known as "Foundation Social Work Practice." In 1975 Dr. Papell led a collaborative effort involving Adelphi University, Nassau Canton Commission on Drug and Alcohol Addiction, and the Long Island Council on Alcoholism that initially led to an introductory twenty-four hour period to educate Adelphi kinesthesia, then a first and annual Conference on Alcohol and Substance Abuse for Long Island, and finally a course in Adelphi's Doctoral Program and development of a post MSW Addiction Specialist Document Program.
• Philadelphia Preparation School for Social Work - 1908 Over a hundred years, the growth and evolution of what became today's School of Social Policy and Exercise of the University of Pennsylvania reflects the changing environment and the evolving role of charity, philanthropy and professional social piece of work in our society. It is therefore noteworthy to list the various names this slap-up institution of learning has carried over time: * 1908 -- Philadelphia Training School for Social Piece of work * 1914 -- The Pennsylvania School for Social Service * 1921 -- Pennsylvania School of Social and Health Work * 1933 -- Pennsylvania School of Social Work * 2005 -- Schoolhouse of Social Policy and Practice of the University of Pennsylvania.
• Pritchard, Marion: Social Worker and Savior of Jews in WW Ii The Dutch authorities surrendered to the Nazis five days after the Germans invaded in May, 1940. Millions of Jews, Gypsies, and others were slaughtered, while some Dutch people risked their lives to help the victims....Marion Pritchard was one of the rescuers. She concealed a Jewish family for nigh 3 years and killed a Dutch Nazi policeman to salvage the children.
• Rankin, Jeannette (1880–1973) Jeannette Rankin's life was filled with boggling achievements: she was the first woman elected to Congress, i of the few suffragists elected to Congress, and the only Member of Congress to vote against U.Due south. participation in both World State of war I and World War Ii. "I may be the outset woman fellow member of Congress," she observed upon her election in 1916. "But I won't be the last."1
• Richmond School of Social Economy - Beginnings. Oct 1916 - July 1917
• Richmond Schoolhouse of Social Economic system - Opening Term. Autumn 1917.
• Richmond, Mary Inside her published books, Richmond demonstrated the agreement of social casework. She believed in the relationship between people and their social environment as the major gene of their life state of affairs or status. Her ideas on casework were based on social theory rather than strictly a psychological perspective. She believed that social problems for a family or individual should be looked at by first looking at the private or family, then including their closest social ties such as families, schools, churches, and jobs. Finally, casework would then look at the community and regime dictating the norms for the person/family to aid determine how to aid the person or family unit brand adjustments to ameliorate their state of affairs.
• Robinson, Virginia Pollard To a degree rare in social work education her view of her tasks was marked by a sustained interest in and respect for the field of social work practice, while at the same time she maintained a scholarly perspective upon the field as a rich source for study, learning and teaching. Even more than significantly for the School, the nature of Robinson's involvement in social piece of work equally related to professional education suggested methods of interchange and patterns of relationship between classroom and field piece of work which have proven steadily fruitful through the years and remain widely recognized as effective in preparing the pupil both in comprehension of his task and in be- ginning competence in practice.
• Schiff, Philip As headworker at Madison House during The Neat Low, Schiff, like and so many other settlement house workers, tried to cope with the immediate problems of relief, unemployment, and evictions. He established a twenty-four hours care middle, introduced venereal illness and tuberculosis control programs, and started a vocational grooming program for unemployed youth. he was besides was a community organizer and helped create a network of Lower Due east Side social service agencies to advocate for social welfare policies, peculiarly unemployment and housing. In 1936, Philip Schiff ran unsuccessfully on the American Labor Party's ticket for First Associates representative to the New York State legislature.
• Schiff, Philip: 1958 Memorial The Metropolitan Washington Affiliate of NASW held a special memorial coming together for Philip Schiff on September 25, 1958, at which Dean Inabel Lindsay of the School of Social Work of Howard University presented this paper.
• Schiff, Philip: A Political Campaign Speech - 1937 "Every bit a united progressive group nosotros practice not intend to allow become of the tiger'south tail until it has been twisted across recognition! A defeat for Tammany in the 1st Assembly District. means a death blow from Tammany in the metropolis. What an opportunity for the American Labor Political party and those in sympathy with its aims! For the sake of the thousands who reside in the 1st District., the urban center and the state, we must non permit it to skid out of our grasp! "The "Dooling way" is the path to loss of civic self-respect, an acknowledgment of defeat for obtaining the things we want most, an agreement to continue playing with a representative who is tied lock, stock and butt to a system which has for years been "kidding" the public and is constantly under public scrutiny because of its many excursions into the public through for its ain do good.
• Securing and Training Social Workers: 1911 This section meeting in 1911 describes in detail the progress of social welfare pioneers struggling to ascertain social piece of work and how information technology could be taught to aspiring students as well every bit current workers in social agencies and philanthropies. It as well includes references to the evolutionary history of the social piece of work profession. In one paragraph Miss Breckinridge says: "...In these meetings we are laying bare before the Conference the elementary phase at which our idea and our practice upon these points still rests. To be certain, a review of the by decade convinces the observer that real progress has been fabricated. In 1897, fourteen years ago, at Toronto, Miss Richmond made her notable statement earlier the Conference regarding the desirability of establishing professional schools. In 1901, four years later on, Dr. Brackett reported somewhat at length upon the establishment of the Summer Schoolhouse for Philanthropic Workers, established by the New York Charity Organization Society....Today the New York Summer School for Philanthropic Workers has lost itself in the New York "School of Philanthropy" conducted by the Charity Organisation Society of the City of New York and affiliated with Columbia University, whose purpose is "to fit men and women for social service in either professional or volunteer work." The Boston School for Social Workers maintained past Simmons College and Harvard Academy, established in 1904, has completed its seventh year of successful educational work. The Chicago Institute for Social Service has go the Chicago Schoolhouse of Civics and Philanthropy, and may be reported as established on a condom pecuniary and a audio educational basis. The St. Louis School of Social Economic system, affiliated with Washington University, starting in 1901-2 as a series of Circular Table meetings of workers, has passed beyond the experimental stage and has but completed its sixth twelvemonth of full academic quality and amount...."
• Settlements and Neighborhood Centers "The settlements and Neighborhood Centers are multifunctional agencies, which exist to serve the social needs of persons in given geographical neighborhoods—the neighborhood is their "client." Information technology provides: (1) Informal Educational and Recreational Services, (2) Neighborhood Services, and (3) Personal Services."
• Smith, Zilpha Drew In 1886, Smith was appointed general secretary of the Associated Charities of Boston and formally launched her professional career in the charity organization movement and social piece of work education. Under her leadership, Associated Charities was successful in bringing together most of the charities and relief organizations operating in Boston. Building on the skills she learned earlier, Smith organized a central file of families existence served, a organization of district offices, paid agents and volunteer friendly visitors. In an 1887 presentation at the annual meeting of the National Conference of Charities held in Omaha, Nebraska, Smith described aspects of the relationship amongst committees, volunteer visitors and paid agents doing the service of Associated Charities:
• Social Group Piece of work Theory and Practice Professor Gertrude Wilson contributed significantly to the establishment of social group work within social work in the U.s.a.. Through national research and numerous publications, Professor Wilson was able to demonstrate and describe the human relationship between grouping piece of work and case work. She demonstrated that they draw upon many of the same basic concepts from the behavioral sciences as well equally from socio-psychological sources; and that in that location were key common skills. She argued that group work was a process through which group life was influenced by a worker who directed the process toward the accomplishment of a social goal conceived in a democratic philosophy
• Social Work and Social Action-1945 For the purpose of this discussion we shall define social activity equally the systematic, conscious attempt directly to influence the bones social atmospheric condition and policies out of which ascend the bug of social adjustment and maladjustment to which our service as social workers is addressed. This definition itself may non satisfy all of us to begin with, for it has at least one debatable limitation. While it does not deny, neither does it specifically acknowledge or emphasize the potential and actual indirect influence upon the total social scene which may emanate from the specific services social workers render to particular individuals and groups, through the traditional primary task of helping people to find and utilise their own strength and the resource around them for the solution of their ain bug and the fulfillment of their own lives.
• Social Work and the Labor Movement (1937) "The Social Program of the Labor Movement," a presentation by Mary van Kleek, Manager, Sectionalization of Industrial Studies, Russell Sage Foundation New York City, at the National Briefing of Social Work, 1937. "It is true that the movement has been divided every bit between the arts and crafts unions and the bang-up masses of unorganized workers. Every twenty-four hour period, yet, brings evidence of the present vital unity."
• Social Work At Massachusetts Full general Hospital: 1908 Ida Maud Cannon was responsible for developing the beginning social work department in a hospital in the United States. Convinced that medical practice could not be effective without examining the link between illness and the social atmospheric condition of the patient Cannon diligently worked at creating the field of medical social piece of work. During her long career, she worked every bit a nurse, a social worker, Chair of Social Services at Massachusetts Full general Hospital, author of a seminal volume in the medical social work field, organizer of the American Association of Infirmary Social Workers, consultant to hospitals and metropolis administrations throughout the United states, professor and designer of a training curriculum for medical social workers.
• Social Work Preparation: A 1905 Study by Graham Taylor In 1903-4 announcement was fabricated of the establishment in London at the initiative of Mr. C. South. Loch and the Charity Organization Society of a "School of Sociology and Social Economic science." The same year the New York Charity System Society supplemented its summertime school by winter courses arranged chiefly for clemency workers employed during the solar day. Encouraged by the demand for training, the existence of which was demonstrated by such partial advantages equally had been offered, the "New York School of Philanthropy" was opened the same yr with a curriculum extending through eight autumn and winter months and including a full rounded course of training, with many lines of specialized study.
• Social Work: A Definition - 2000 Social piece of work in its various forms addresses the multiple, complex transactions between people and their environments. Its mission is to enable all people to develop their total potential, enrich their lives, and prevent dysfunction. Professional social work is focused on trouble solving and change. As such, social workers are alter agents in social club and in the lives of the individuals, families and communities they serve. Social piece of work is an interrelated arrangement of values, theory and practice.
• Social Piece of work: Community Organization If we define community organization in its broadest sense, as a recent writer has done, as "deliberately directed try to assist groups in attaining unity of purpose and action... in behalf of either general or special objectives," it is clear that a substantial office of community organization falls even outside the broader field of "social welfare," of which the whole of social work is an integral part. But information technology is also clear that some other substantial part, whose function has been described in a recent report as that of creating and maintaining "a progressively more effective adjustment between social welfare resources and social welfare needs," certainly belongs within the "social welfare" field. But does this practice of community organization for a "social welfare" purpose conform to our criteria of generic social work practice?
• Social Work: Community Organization Process - 1947 Urban League finds information technology piece of cake to talk about the principles of good housing for all the people, but when steps to attain that housing contravene the purposes of turn a profit interest groups, threaten to change the racial character of a given neighborhood, or run into the cross burn of opposing citizen interests, the League finds that principles found one matter and practice something entirely different. Thus, in organizing the community for social action, it must be remembered that often all the community cannot be organized, and a choice, therefore, must be fabricated every bit to with which groups the bureau will work. It mut exist remembered, also, that fifty-fifty when over-all community support is essential, the cells of hidden or open resistance must be located and either isolated or dissolved before the organizing procedure can gain its full momentum.
• Social Piece of work: Group Work and Modify - 1935 Social piece of work in its diverse forms addresses the multiple, complex transactions between people and their environments. Its mission is to enable all people to develop their total potential, enrich their lives, and prevent dysfunction. Professional social work is focused on problem solving and alter. Equally such, social workers are change agents in order and in the lives of the individuals, families and communities they serve. Social piece of work is an interrelated system of values, theory and practise. (Grace Coyle, 1935)
• Social Work: The Case Worker'southward Task - 1917 I know that some leaders feel that this would be quite futile, that social example work as a split up discipline is before long to disappear, to exist absorbed into medicine on the i hand and pedagogy' on the other. Both of these are welcome to blot all that they tin contain, but there is going to remain a large field quite neglected unless nosotros cultivate it. As democracy advances at that place can be neither liberty nor equality without that adaptation to native differences, without that intensive study and intensive apply of social relationships for which social example work stands.
• Social Piece of work: What is the Job of a Customs Organizer? - 1948 Community organization must never be seen equally merely a task. We are working with the materials out of which a community is built, a cooperative society is fashioned. We are in the thick of the personal, group, and inter-grouping relationships that make upwardly modern social life. The community organization worker needs a sense of vocation. He is performing an essential office. He is a producer and conserver of social values. He has a vital and crucial function to play in the social drama of our time-the part of a servant of democracy.
• Social Worker and the Depression At this moment what are social workers saying concerning economical and political theory or the need for fundamental social changes to eliminate the cycles and seasons of unemployment? With infrequent exception, exactly nothing at all. On the whole, social workers know piffling and care less about economic or political theory and practice. Their lack of understanding tin only be described as bottomless, tragic. Ignorance in very immature social workers, of whom in that location are many, may be forgiven. Information technology is hard, however, to defend the silence--sometimes the deception--of the old-timers....The poor themselves, when they are not so persistently protected from publicity past their social workers, are taking a somewhat more practical view of their situation. Nowadays, when relief is inadequate and they are hungry, they plough to stealing, begging, and standing on the public streets in bread lines. In fact, in one city where the professional social workers are too "upstanding" to disclose the distress of those receiving charitable relief, the unemployed are participating in demonstrations, petitioning the city assistants for more food, and in turn are existence arrested past His Honor, the mayor of the metropolis, on charges of vagrancy and hell-raising conduct.
• Some Limitations of Case-Work 1919 The adoption of the case-work method in the care of the families of soldiers and sailors has been widely considered a pregnant tribute to the inevitable. But what of the fact that this new extension of Home Service (a segmentation of the American Red Cantankerous) is, for the fourth dimension being at least, entirely on the aforementioned footing? Aside from the practical circumstances that case-piece of work is, if anything, but what Home Service workers have been taught to do, in situation suggests a word of the merits of case-work. In relation to a movement so new and experimental nothing should exist assumed to exist inevitable. A new appraisal of example-work method is clearly justified. What can instance-work do best? What can it do fairly well? What can something else exercise better?
• Some Social Causes of Prostitution (1914) In 1914, Mrs. John M. ( Mary Wilcox) Glenn gave a presentation entitled "Some Social Causes of Prostitution" at the Forty-first Annual Briefing of the National Briefing of Charities and Corrections in Memphis, Tennessee.
• Tentative Observations On Basic Training While the committee agreed on the foregoing, information technology was observed that a characteristic of family case work, whether United Hebrew Charities, Clemency System Social club, or International Migration Service, was that the family was the unit of measurement around which the activeness centered; in Childrens' or Travelers' Assistance work, on the other manus, the child or the traveler was, generally speaking, the center of work, and the environment was adjusted to the central effigy, or vice versa. This is even more true, perhaps, in hospital or psychiatric case work. In this type of agency the patient would be apt to be the center of the case work adjustment, while the family case worker has by and large two or more than foci in his circle.
• Terminology Of Social Casework: An Attempt At Theoretical Clarification (1954) Although it might seem presumptuous to encompass in a portion of a paper so vast a topic every bit the scope and function of social casework, information technology is necessary to endeavor at least a sketch of this. The reason is that social casework is in constant flux. Equally it responds to two sets of influences, changes in society and the findings of the social and biological sciences, information technology takes on a office which I believe makes it quite different from what it was twenty or thirty years ago.
• The Functional School of Social Piece of work The turning point in the use of psychology by social workers was the publication, in 1930, of Virginia Robinson's A Changing Psychology in Social Work. Robinson's volume crystallized the growing discontent many social workers felt with the old, paternalistic models and proposed a new style to synthesize the individual personality and the social environment. Heavily influenced by the psychiatric theories of Otto Rank, Robinson proposed that example work should focus not on planning for the social welfare of the client, not on the client per se (or the environment per se), only on the relationship between the client and the social worker. The client, not the social worker, should exist the central histrion in the casework drama; the social worker – client human relationship was intended to strengthen the client. …
• The Private Approach: 1915 Mrs. Glenn was a close friend and colleague of Mary Richmond and one of the influential voices in support of casework and social work education. In this 1915 presentation she describes her vision of a sensitive and helpful caseworker. I of the paragraphs states: "...The worker's endeavour is futile unless the private to be aided become starting time a co-worker and then laissez passer on to have the lead in carrying through whatever programme made in his behalf. The worker, whose aim is to rehabilitate men, must be one whose preparation for the job has carried him deep in a because of human life lived in simplicity and in close relation to those who earn their daily breadstuff. The written report of recuperative power must atomic number 82 the worker back to approximate the mainsprings of strength that lie hid in the private'south past. But there must be more than than the harking back, in that location must be the readiness to take a forrad bound, He is non what he may become, is the attitude of heed which gives the power to stir men to be twice made, and it is faith in one's fellow which gives the power to brand men make themselves. An intense desire to come across life well lived makes a worker, with tender, with restrained devotion, care to run across the "downmost human being" come up through his wracking experience actually on top....
• The Identify Of Social Piece of work In Public Health-- 1926 The influence of social work on public health administration is found in the development of every branch of that service in the past l years. The recreation movement, the kid welfare movement, and such special developments as workingmen'southward bounty in the industrial field accept all been influenced by the humanitarian interests of the forces interested in social work, and each of these has had a straight bearing upon the health of the several communities in this country.
• The Power of Group Work with Kids Social group work's origins are rooted past melding three early twentieth century social movements: the settlement house movement, progressive education movement and recreation motility (Breton, 1990). What all three have in common is the conviction that people have much to offering to improve the quality of their lives.
• The Professional Basis of Social Work--1915 In a 1915 presentation, Porter Lee said: Whichever of these conceptions (of social work) command the greatest mensurate of support from those who call themselves social workers, the proponents of all of them hold in speaking of social work every bit a profession. If it is or is to exist a profession, has information technology definite characteristics which will admit all those who claim the name, or which volition automatically exclude some? The announcements of this conference describe this every bit the greatest gathering of social workers on the continent. Our membership includes public relief officials, establishment officers, play leaders, parish workers, charity organization secretaries, probation officers, placing out agents, nurses, settlement workers, medical social service workers, prison heads, friendly visitors, truant officers, matrons, teachers of special groups, members of boards of directors, tenement inspectors, public welfare directors, social investigators, executives of agencies for social legislation, industrial betterment leaders, those who work with immigrants, manufactory inspectors and-to avert omitting whatsoever-many others. Is the necktie which gives coherence to this group a professional ane?
• The Relation Of Hospital Social Service To Child Health Piece of work: 1921 The term infirmary social service is unfortunately not a very specific term, as it has come to be used to include a peachy variety of extra-landscape service to hospital and dispensary patients. It has been used to designate such a variety of functions as a uncomplicated follow-upwardly system to proceed track of patients' attendance at clinics, friendly visiting in the wards, various phases of public wellness nursing, a variety of administrative functions at access desks and in the clinics, and medical-social case work. The fact is that all these various types of service are coming to be recognized as necessary to the comeback of hospital and clinic service. All of them recognize the necessity of individualizing the patients and taking into business relationship some of the social elements in the patients' situation. Earlier we tin can discuss hospital social work intelligently, nosotros demand more specific terminology and definition. I shall non try that now but shall choose for discussion the contribution that was made to the efficiency of medical treatment past the introduction of the trained social worker into the staff of hospitals and dispensaries. Visiting nursing in the homes of dispensary patients antedated the present hospital social piece of work move by several years and withal remains in many cities the long arm of the hospital extending skilled nursing service and hygiene pedagogy to the patients discharged from the hospital or under supervision of the dispensary. Such service has long been recognized as essential to babe welfare and tuberculosis clinics and has stimulated the development of public health nursing organization in most of our cities.
• The Scientific View of Social Work Since its inception social work has struggled with the questions of the extent to which it should use and it could accept confidence in basing practice on knowledge derived from the social and biological sciences. The Scientific Footing of Social Work is a volume that gives an emphatic aye to this query
• 3 Notable African American Women in Early Child Welfare Written by Wilma Peeples-Wilkins, Boston University. "For the virtually role, social welfare history has focused on efforts to protect dependent and runaway white immigrant children. Information on the care of African American children has been excluded. Because of racial separation and bigotry, information describing the intendance of African American children has often been left out. It is of import to call special attention to this situation."
• Training The Rural Relief Worker On The Task (1935) The rural social worker is confronted with a real dilemma in knowing how much of a family's welfare is her responsibility. It is not unusual to discover that man'y of our rural areas have been untouched by social working organizations, or, for that matter, by few if any community organizations. The rural worker is called on to provide for the health needs of the families in many instances where at that place is inadequate medical and nursing service. School attendance becomes her business organization where the state laws are static in their effectiveness. She finds mental problems of long continuing, or disturbances of an acute nature, in her families, and since she is the only representative of an bureau in the area, securing treatment or institutionalization becomes part of her service to the family. Whether she is equipped for it or not, emergencies ascend where the worker participates in removing children from the dwelling, in institutional placement of delinquents, feeble-minded, or handicapped members of the family unit.
• Warner, Amos Griswold Amos Warner's greatest contribution to the professionalization of social piece of work was a system for the statistical analysis of cases. The majority view at his time was that heredity was the cause of personal inadequacy. He was a pioneer in his views that poverty and personal misfortune were not the result of a single crusade, but a plethora of causes, many of which could be exterior the control of the individual. He ready near developing a series of categories to be used in conjunction with a weighted score that allowed for the prioritization of family problems. Additionally, he developed a listing of the possible causes of poverty, categorizing them as subjective (within the individual) or objective (attributed to ecology causes such every bit industrial or economical atmospheric condition).
• Washington, Forrester Blanchard Forrester Blanchard Washington (1887-1963) — Social Work Pioneer, abet for African Americans and educator. Written by Angelique Brown, MSW.
• Weed, Verne Verne was a social worker whose commitment to human service became the essence of her being, and both the source and focus of her energy. Her life and work were illuminated by a holistic view of social relationships, which links all persons every bit members in the human family. She considered that solutions to social problems could be achieved through united, collective activity, and that prevention is the most effective approach to social problem solving. Verne Weed understood that the social functioning of individuals and families is related to the level of nurturance and social responsibleness in the gild in which they live. She undertook professional advancement and political activity which transformed those concepts into social action. For Verne, daily participation in the struggle to produce a socially responsible club was as essential to her life as the air she breathed.
• What is Professional Social Piece of work? Social work does not consist of maintaining any social activity which has become standard and permanent. Social workers are continually originating certain activities and vindicating them and making them standard and permanent but after they take reached that phase they are not rated every bit social piece of work. At one point kindergartens which are now a regular function of our educational organisation were promoted and maintained as social work. Some activities that are more or less permanent and standardized in regard to their procedure such every bit the relief work of old family welfare societies are nevertheless infrequent activities because the circumstances of the different individuals require and receive special treatment in each case. Fifty-fifty relief giving may pass out of the realm of social work if it is put on the basis of apartment pensions and paid for out of tax, as in the case of soldier'due south pensions; or if pensions are given as a part of a fixed policy of a large corporation toward its employees, there is no reason to class the administration of these pensions as social piece of work.
• What is Social Group Work? The grouping-work procedure. -- Group work may be defined as an educational process emphasizing (1) the development and social adjustment of an individual through voluntary group association; and (2) the employ of this association as a ways of furthering other socially desirable ends. It is concerned therefore with both individual growth and social results. Moreover, it is the combined and consistent pursuit of both these objectives, not merely 1 of them, that distinguishes group work as a process. But what do we mean by a process?
• What Social Piece of work Has To Offering In The Field Of Mental Retardation (1960) Social work is making a contribution to the field of mental retardation simply social workers are not giving the substantial services which are needed and which they have the competence to requite. Forth with other professions and the general public, social piece of work failed for many years to requite focused attention to the mentally retarded as a group in the population which needed their services. Defective noesis of means to assistance the severely and moderately retarded, the social workers helped parents place their children if that seemed the best solution at that time. Other social services were given, but often they were fragmentary and somewhat isolated. What amounted to neglect rose more from frustration and lack of knowledge than from indifference.
• Wilson, Gertrude Gertrude Wilson was a social group worker and educator. Later working in group practice at YWCA's in various cities (1922-1935), she began education group piece of work. In 1935 Gertrude Wilson became an Assistant Professor at Western Reserve University's School of Applied Social Sciences. In 1938 she became a Professor and later an Associate Dean in the School of Social Work at the University of Pittsburgh (1938-1950). In 1951, she accepted a position as Professor and head of the Social Welfare Extension program at the University of California at Berkeley (1951-1963). She also served every bit a visiting faculty fellow member at schools around the United States and in Canada. After her retirement, she continued to consult with the Social Services Department of the City and County of San Francisco and wrote papers on the topic of group practice within both psychiatric and customs settings.
• Women at the Helm Let me now sum up why I think these three women were slap-up and, as or forebears, worthy of admiration and emulation. Outset, a caveat. They were not keen because they were women. We tin be proud they were women, merely the qualities that marked them for greatness are non sex related. They were great because they had powerful minds, which they never ceased to sharpen with new knowledge and new experiences....They were great because they cared about what happened to people and they believed in the worth and dignity of ever living animal....They were keen because they were fighters. They preserved confronting corking obstacles – obstacles they faced as women and obstacles generated by their advanced ideas.
• Wright, Helen R. Helen Russell Wright was a pioneer social researcher, economist, and social piece of work educator. She was the get-go president of the Council on Social Piece of work Education (CSWE). She too had the formidable job of condign dean of the School of Social Work at the University of Chicago in1941, a position she held until 1956. Following in the footsteps Edith Abbott, Grace Abbott and Sophonisba Breckenridge she became an important transitional figure in the emerging profession of social work, 1 who often went confronting the then electric current trends by advocating for social reform supported by research as opposed to the total emphasis on the primacy of casework within the profession.

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Source: https://socialwelfare.library.vcu.edu/programs/social-work/

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